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Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky
Appendix E
A Catalog of Deep-Sky Objects

Roger N. Clark

Derived from:
Clark, R.N., Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky, Cambridge University Press and Sky Publishing, 355 pages, Cambridge, 1990.

This appendix lists the 611 deep-sky objects that, in the author's opinion, are the most interesting for amateur astronomers. The list represents a search of the literature for objects that are both interesting to observe and also have photographs widely available.

In compiling this catalog, the first step was to check that an object might be seen through average amateur telescopes. Then I searched for those that might show some features. Many objects within range of small telescopes were left out because they are so near the limits that most would just look like another fuzzy patch. The present list has many of these (depending on your telescope size and sky quality), but many others clearly show significant detail and have much text devoted to them in books like Burnham's Celestial Handbook.

When going out for an observing session, one wants to know which objects will be visible that night. Some books (e.g. Burnham's) are organized alphabetically by constellation, so a search through the entire work is required in order to find out what there is to see. This list, on the other hand, is ordered by right ascension. For any given night, one can start at some point on the list and work downward.

The following data are tabulated:

ID: The NGC number of the object, or other catalog number if the object has no NGC designation. The Messier number is also given if appropriate. Before the ID, several codes may appear. An asterisk (*) means the object is discussed in the book and a drawing and photograph are presented in Chapter 7. An S indicates the object is a star cluster with star magnitudes given in Appendix B Of Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky. Exclamation points indicate the object is an especially fine-looking one, with four (!!!!) being the most spectacular visually.

Positions: Positions in right ascension (RA) and Declination (DEC) are tabulated for equinox 2000.0. The RA is given in hours and decimal minutes of time, and the DEC is given in degrees and arc-minutes. The objects are sorted by increasing 1950.0 RA. The positions in the catalog have been checked against several other catalogs, and as many discrepancies as possible have been eliminated. One good reference is Sky Catalog 2000.0, Volume 2, by Hirshfeld and Sinnott (1985). The 2000.0 positions in this list have all been checked against Hirshfeld and Sinnott. Many positions disagree in the last digit between the two catalogs, but the differences are not significant and can be attributed to round-off error, or to where the exact center of a large object was chosen (a center may not be obvious in open clusters and nebulae in particular). When the position disagreement was significant, I investigated and chose the best position. In some cases that meant measuring photographs. Several small galaxies in the couple-of-arc-minute size range had positions disagreeing by about an arc minute or two. However, the coordinates are always accurate enough to find an object with setting circles or by plotting on star charts, even at high power.

Con: The constellation in which the object is located. The following standard abbreviations are used:

Constellation abbreviations

Constellation abbr. Constellation abbr.
Andromeda And Leo Leo
Antlia Ant Leo Minor LMi
Apus Aps Lepus Lep
Aquarius Aqr Libra Lib
Aquila Aql Lupus Lup
Ara Ara Lynx Lyn
Aries Ari Lyra Lyr
Auriga Aur Mensa Men
Bootes Boo Microscopium Mic
Caelum Cae Monoceros Mon
Camelopardalis Cam Musca Mus
Cancer Cnc Norma Nor
Canes Venatici CVn Octans Oct
Canis Major CMa Ophiuchus Oph
Canis Minor CMi Orion Ori
Capricornus Cap Pavo Pav
Carina Car Pegasus Peg
Cassiopeia Cas Perseus Per
Centarus Cen Phoenix Phe
Cepheus Cep Pictor Pic
Cetus Cet Pisces Psc
Chamaelon Cha Pisces Austrinus PsA
Circinus Cir Puppis Pup
Columba Col Pyxis Pyx
Coma Berenices Com Reticulum Ret
Corona Australis CrA Sagitta Sge
Corona Borealis CrB Sagittarius Sgr
Corvus Crv Scorpius Sco
Crater Crt Sculptor Scl
Crux Cru Scutum Sct
Cygnus Cyg Serpens Ser
Delphinus Del Sextans Sex
Dorado Dor Taurus Tau
Draco Dra Telescopium Tel
Equuleus Equ Triangulum Tri
Eridanus Eri Triangulum Australe TrA
Fornax For Tucana Tuc
Gemini Gem Ursa Major UMa
Grus Gru Ursa Minor UMi
Hercules Her Vela Vel
Horologium Hor Virgo Vir
Hydra Hya Volans Vol
Hydrus Hyi Vulpecula Vul
Indus Ind
Lacerta Lac

The number of listed objects in each constellation is as follows:

Andromeda And Leo Leo
7 And 1 Ant 1 Aps 5 Aql 5 Aqr 5 Ara 2 Ari
8 Aur 3 Boo 7 CMa 26 CVn 7 Cam 2 Cap 5 Car
12 Cas 8 Cen 11 Cep 21 Cet 1 Cir 3 Cnc 2 Col
34 Com 3 CrA 4 Crt 4 Cru 6 Crv 18 Cyg 3 Del
5 Dor 9 Dra 15 Eri 20 For 5 Gem 5 Gru 5 Her
2 Hor 9 Hya 5 LMi 1 Lac 14 Leo 3 Lep 1 Lib
3 Lup 3 Lyn 3 Lyr 6 Mon 3 Mus 3 Nor 9 Oph
12 Ori 2 Pav 7 Peg 12 Per 4 Psc 7 Pup 3 Pyx
2 Ret 9 Scl 19 Sco 5 Sct 5 Ser 4 Sex 32 Sgr
9 Tau 1 Tel 1 TrA 4 Tri 3 Tuc 37 UMa 10 Vel
74 Vir 6 Vul

Type: The type of object:

This catalog lists 340 galaxies, 108 open clusters, 65 globular clusters, 49 bright nebulae, 38 planetary nebulae, 9 dark nebulae, 1 QSO, and 1 star. The galaxies types are: 237 spiral (S), 76 elliptical (E), 19 irregular, and 8 peculiar.

Charts: The chart number in an atlas where the object can be found:

v mag: The visual magnitude of the object. For an extended object this is difficult to determine, and references often disagree. Furthermore, some objects only have a photographic magnitude determined, which may depart significantly from the visual. A magnitude measurement also depends on how much of the object is included; some objects have very large, very dim outlying areas that cannot be seen visually but contribute substantially to the listed total magnitudes. Thus, the values cannot be relied upon to better than about a half magnitude at best.

Size: The visual size of the object in arc-minutes. This is approximately the size that should be detectable in a telescope by eye. The values are consistently smaller than those in Sky Catalogue 2000.0 because, as described in that work, the largest sizes that can be determined were listed -- and those are often larger than can be seen visually in any amateur telescope.

S.B.: The surface brightness in magnitudes per square arc second. This value is only a rough approximation computed from the visual magnitude and the object's size. The S.B. can be found by the equation: S.B. = v mag + 2.5 log(2827 a b) where a and b are the objects' major and minor dimensions in arc-minutes (an elliptical shape is assumed). The constant equals pi(60 arc-sec/arc-minute)2 /4.

C1: The logarithm of the contrast between the mean surface brightness (column S.B.) and a sky background of 24.25 magnitudes per square arc-second. This sky background corresponds to a dark country sky, as described in Chapter 6. The greater this value, the higher the contrast and the easier the object is to detect. We use a logarithmic parameter here because the eye's response to contrast follows a log scale. To compute C1, equation 6.1 was used, except that the sky surface brightness (Mo) was added to the object's surface brightness (M) to give the equivalent value seen by the eye. This must be done in linear units: if
B = 10-0.4M and Bo = 10-0.4Mo
then B' = B + Bo, and the contrast is
C = (B'-Bo)/Bo, or
C = B / Bo,
which, when converted to magnitudes is:
C = 10-0.4(M-Mo), or
C1 = log (C)
C1 = -0.4(M-Mo)

MDM: The Minimum Optimum Detection Magnification. This is the magnification that enlarges the object to the optimum visual angle shown in Figure 2.7b assuming the telescope is being used at its lowest usable power. If an object is very difficult to detect then the MDM divided by about 3.5 (representing a telescope's minimum useful magnification per inch of aperture) gives the optimum telescope aperture in inches to view the object! Of course if the contrast is high enough then the object is easily detected at many magnifications and with many telescopes.

The MDM was computed using the smaller of the two size dimensions and the object's mean surface brightness. It also assumes that the object is viewed through optics with a transmission factor of 0.7, reducing the surface brightness by 0.38 magnitudes at the telescope's lowest usable magnification.

Note that the MDM is not the optimum detection magnification (ODM) unless it is also the telescope's lowest usable power. If the magnification listed is greater than the telescope's minimum (3.5 or 4 times the aperture in inches), then the best magnification is greater than the MDM. The MDM is only an approximate lower limit for detection. It is approximate because the object's mean surface brightness is used, not the peak brightness.

Comments: General notes that further describe the object (including the Messier number) or its neighbors.

Notes: Additional comments too long to fit in the table. They are listed at the end of the catalog.


Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky. Roger N. Clark
Appendix E: A catalog of deep-sky objects
      Position (2000.0)                      
        RA Dec         Charts     size Surface Contrast    
Note ID   hr min deg min Con. Type 2000 Uran VPSA V-mag arc-min Brightness C1 MDM Comments
  NGC 7814   0 3.3 16 8 Peg Sa 10 170 124 12 1.0x5.0 22.4 0.7 77 edge-on, with dust lane
  NGC 40   0 12.9 72 32 Cep Plan 1 3 10 10.5 1.0x0.7 18.7 2.2 110 central star mag 11.5
  NGC 45   0 13.9 -23 10 Cet S 18 305 268 12.1 8.0x5.5 24.8 -0.2 14  
  NGC 55   0 15.0 -39 13 Scl Irr 18 386 336 7.8 25x40 23.9 0.1 3  
!!! NGC 104   0 24.1 -72 4 Tuc Glob 24 440 406 4.5 25x25 20.1 1.7 3 47 Tucanae
  NGC 128   0 29.3 2 52 Psc E8 10 216 196 12.8 2.2x0.4 21.3 1.2 192 box shape
  NGC 134   0 30.4 -33 15 Scl Sb 18 351 304 11.4 5.0x1.0 21.8 1 77  
  NGC 147   0 33.1 48 31 Cas E4 4 60 40 12.1 6.5x3.8 24.2 0 20 companion to M31
  NGC 150   0 34.3 -27 48 Scl SB 18 306 304 12.2 2.0x1.0 21.6 1.1 77  
  NGC 157   0 34.8 -8 23 Cet Sc 10 261 232 11.1 2.8x2.1 21.7 1 37  
  NGC 175   0 37.4 -19 55 Cet SBb 10 306 268 12.8 1.5x1.3 22.2 0.8 59 theta shape
  NGC 185   0 38.9 48 21 Cas E1 4 60 40 11.8 3.5x2.8 22.9 0.5 27 companion to M31
* NGC 205 M110 0 40.3 41 41 And E6 4 60 64 10.8 8.0x3.0 22.9 0.5 26 M110
  NGC 188   0 44.2 85 19 Cep OpCl 1 1 1 10 15x15 24.5 -0.1 5 oldest open cluster
!!!!* NGC 224 M31 0 42.7 41 16 And Sb 4 60 64 4 150x50 22.3 0.8 2 M31, Great Galaxy in Andromeda
* NGC 221 M32 0 42.7 40 52 And E2 4 60 64 9.5 3.6x3.1 20.7 1.4 25 M32
S NGC 225   0 43.8 61 46 Cas OpCl 1 16 22 8 14x14 22.4 0.8 5 20 stars mag 9+
* NGC 246   0 47.1 -11 53 Cet Plan 10 261 233 8.5 4.0x2.5 19.6 1.8 31 central star mag 12
  NGC 247   0 47.1 -20 45 Cet Sc 18 306 269 10.7 18.0x5.0 24.2 0 15  
!!* NGC 253   0 47.6 -25 18 Scl Sc 18 306 305 7 22x6 20.9 1.3 13  
  NGC 255   0 47.7 -11 29 Cet Sb 10 261 233 12.8 1.5x1.5 22.3 0.8 51 15' from NGC 246
  NGC 278   0 52.0 47 34 Cas Sc 4 60 40 11.6 1.2x1.2 20.6 1.5 64 compact spiral with dust lanes
!!! NGC 292   0 51.7 -73 14 Tuc Irr 24 460 406 1.5 210x210 21.7 1 1 Small Magellanic Cloud
  NGC 288   0 52.6 -26 36 Scl Glob 18 307 305 7.2 10x10 20.8 1.4 8  
  NGC 281   0 53.3 56 35 Cas Neb 1 36 22 8 23x27 23.6 0.3 3  
  NGC 300   0 55.0 -37 42 Scl Sc 18 351 337 11.3 21x14 26.1 -0.7 5  
  NGC 309   0 56.5 -9 57 Cet Sc 10 262 233 12.5 2.4x2.1 22.9 0.5 37  
  Scl-Sys   0 59.4 -33 44 Scl DwEl 18 351 305 8.8 60x60 26.3 -0.8 1 Sculptor System (see Notes)
  NGC 337   0 59.8 -7 35 Cet SBc 10 262 233 12.8 3.0x0.5 21.9 1 154 distorted
! NGC 362   1 2.3 -70 51 Tuc Glob 24 441 406 6 10x10 19.6 1.8 8  
  I.1613   1 5.1 2 8 Cet Irr 10 217 197 12 11x9 25.6 -0.5 9 member of Local Group
  NGC 404   1 9.4 35 43 And E0 4 91 65 11.9 1.3x1.3 21.1 1.3 59  
  NGC 428   1 13.0 0 59 Cet Sc 10 217 197 11.7 3.9x3.5 23.2 0.4 22  
  NGC 457   1 19.0 58 20 Cas OpCl 1 36 22 7 10x10 20.6 1.4 8 100 stars mag 8+
  NGC 488   1 21.7 5 16 Psc Sb 10 218 161 11.2 3.5x3.0 22.4 0.7 26  
  NGC 520   1 24.6 3 48 Psc Pec 10 218 198 12.4 3.0x0.7 21.8 1 110  
  NGC 581 M103 1 33.2 60 42 Cas OpCl 1 37 23 8 8x8 21.1 1.2 10 M103, 40 stars mag 8-12
!!* NGC 598 M33 1 33.9 30 39 Tri Sc 4 91 94 5.3 60x60 22.8 0.6 1 M33, Triangulum Galaxy
* NGC 604   1 34.5 30 46 Tri Neb 4 91 94 ? 1x1       HII region in M33
  NGC 613   1 34.3 -29 25 Scl SBc 18 352 306 11.1 3.0x2.0 21.7 1 38  
  NGC 615   1 35.1 -7 20 Cet Sb 10 263 234 12.6 2.7x0.8 22.1 0.9 96  
* NGC 628 M74 1 36.7 15 47 Psc Sc 10 173 126 9 9.0x9.0 22.4 0.7 9 M74
!* NGC 650- 1 M76 1 41.9 51 34 Per Plan 1 37 41 10 1.5x0.7 18.7 2.2 110 M76
  NGC 663   1 46.0 61 16 Cas OpCl 1 16 23 7 11x11 20.8 1.4 7 80 stars mag 9+
  NGC 672   1 47.8 27 26 Tri SBc 4 128 126 11.6 4.5x1.7 22.4 0.7 45  
  NGC 681   1 49.2 -10 25 Cet Sa 10 263 234 12.9 1.3x1.2 22 0.9 64 similar to M104
  NGC 752   1 57.8 37 41 And OpCl 4 92 66 7.5 45x45 24.4 -0.1 2 70 stars mag 9+
  NGC 779   1 59.7 -5 57 Cet Sb 10 264 234 11.8 3.0x0.5 20.9 1.4 154 edge-on spiral
!!!! NGC 869   2 19.0 57 9 Per OpCl 1 37 23 4.4 35x35 20.7 1.4 2 the Double Cluster
!!!! NGC 884   2 22.4 57 7 Per OpCl 1 37 23 4.7 35x35 21 1.3 2 the Double Cluster
* NGC 891   2 22.4 42 21 And Sb 4 62 66 12.2 12.0x1.0 23.5 0.3 77  
  NGC 908   2 23.1 -21 13 Cet Sc 18 309 271 11.1 4.0x1.3 21.5 1.1 59  
  I.1805   2 33.4 61 26 Cas Neb 1 17 23 9 60x60 26.5 -0.9 1 Running Dog Nebula w/I.1795
  NGC 925   2 27.3 33 36 Tri Sb 4 93 95 12 9.4x9.4 25.5 -0.5 8  
  NGC 936   2 27.6 -1 9 Cet SBa 10 220 199 11.3 3.0x2.0 21.9 1 38 near NGC 941
  NGC 941   2 28.5 -1 9 Cet Sc 10 220 199 12.9 1.9x1.3 22.5 0.7 59 near NGC 936
  NGC 972   2 34.2 29 19 Ari Sc 4 93 95 12.3 2.7x1.0 22 0.9 77  
  For.Sys   2 39.1 -34 27 For Irr 18 354 307 9 65x65 26.7 -1 1 Fornax System
  NGC 1023   2 40.3 39 5 Per E7 4 62 67 11 4.5x1.3 21.5 1.1 59  
  NGC 1049   2 39.8 -34 16 For Glob 18 354 307 13 0.4x0.4 19.6 1.8 192 in Fornax System
! NGC 1039 M34 2 42.0 42 47 Per OpCl 4 62 67 6 20x20 21.1 1.2 4 M34
  NGC 1055   2 41.8 0 29 Cet Sb 10 220 199 12 5.0x1.0 22.4 0.7 77 similar to M104
* NGC 1068 M77 2 42.7 0 1 Cet Sb 10 220 199 10 2.5x1.7 20.2 1.6 45 M77
  NGC 1073   2 43.8 1 23 Cet Sbc 10 220 200 12 4.0x4.0 23.6 0.2 19  
  NGC 1084   2 46.0 -7 34 Eri Sc 10 265 236 11.1 2.1x1.0 20.5 1.5 77  
  NGC 1087   2 46.5 0 29 Cet Sc 10 220 200 11.2 2.3x2.3 21.6 1 33  
  NGC 1090   2 46.6 0 14 Cet Sb 10 220 200 12.8 4.0x1.5 23.4 0.4 51 near NGC 1087
  NGC 1097   2 46.4 -30 16 For SBb 18 354 307 10.6 9.0x5.5 23.5 0.3 14  
  NGC 1156   2 59.6 25 15 Ari Irr 4 131 95 12.5 2.0x1.5 22.3 0.8 51  
  NGC 1187   3 2.6 -22 52 Eri SBc 18 311 272 11.3 5.5x4.0 23.3 0.4 19  
  NGC 1232   3 9.8 -20 35 Eri Sc 18 311 272 10.7 7.0x6.0 23.4 0.3 13  
  NGC 1261   3 12.3 -55 14 Hor Glob 24 419 390 12.5 2.4x1.0 22.1 0.9 77  
  NGC 1245   3 14.6 47 14 Per OpCl 4 63 43 9 20x20 24.1 0 4  
  NGC 1291   3 17.3 -41 6 Eri SB 18 390 339 10.2 5.0x2.0 21.3 1.2 38  
  NGC 1300   3 19.8 -19 24 Eri SBb 10 311 272 11.3 6.0x3.2 23.1 0.4 24 nice barred spiral
  NGC 1313   3 18.2 -66 29 Ret SB 24 443 407 10.8 5.0x3.2 22.4 0.7 24  
  NGC 1316   3 22.6 -37 14 For SOp 18 355 339 10.1 3.5x2.5 21.1 1.3 31 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1317   3 22.7 -37 6 For Sb 18 355 339 12.2 0.7x0.6 19.9 1.7 128 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1326   3 23.9 -36 28 For Sb 18 355 339 11.8 3.0x2.5 22.6 0.7 31 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1341   3 28.0 -37 9 For Sba 18 355 340 13.1 0.8x0.8 21.2 1.2 96 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1351   3 30.5 -34 52 For E4 18 355 340 12.8 0.8x0.6 20.6 1.4 128 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1350   3 31.1 -33 37 For Sb 18 355 308 11.8 3.0x1.5 22.1 0.9 51 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1360   3 33.1 -25 50 For Plan 18 312 308 ? 6.0x4.5       central star mag 9
* NGC 1365   3 33.7 -36 8 For Sb 18 355 340 11.2 8.0x3.5 23.4 0.3 22 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1374   3 35.3 -35 14 For E0 18 355 340 12.4 0.8x0.8 20.5 1.5 96 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1379   3 36.1 -35 27 For E0 18 355 340 12.3 0.6x0.6 19.8 1.8 128 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1380   3 36.5 -34 59 For E7 18 355 340 11.4 3.0x1.0 21.2 1.2 77 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1381   3 36.6 -35 18 For E7 18 355 340 12.6 2.0x0.5 21.2 1.2 154 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1386   3 36.9 -36 0 Eri S 18 355 340 12.4 2.5x1.0 22 0.9 77 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1387   3 37.0 -35 31 For S0 18 355 340 12.1 1.0x0.9 20.6 1.5 85 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1389   3 37.2 -35 45 Eri E 18 355 340 12.8 1.0x1.8 22.1 0.9 77 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1395   3 38.5 -23 1 Eri E3 18 312 273 10.2 5.0x2.0 21.3 1.2 38  
  NGC 1399   3 38.5 -35 27 For E0 18 355 340 10.9 1.4x1.4 20.3 1.6 55 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1398   3 38.9 -26 20 For SBb 18 312 308 10.7 4.5x3.8 22.4 0.7 20  
  NGC 1404   3 38.9 -35 35 For E1 18 355 340 11.5 1.0x1.0 20.1 1.6 77 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1400   3 39.5 -18 41 Eri E1 11 312 273 12.4 0.7x0.7 20.3 1.6 110 near NGC 1407
  NGC 1407   3 40.2 -18 34 Eri E0 11 312 273 11.4 0.8x0.8 19.5 1.9 96 near NGC 1400
  NGC 1427   3 42.3 -35 24 For E3 18 356 340 12.4 1.4x1.0 21.4 1.1 77 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 1433   3 42.0 -47 14 Hor SBa 18 391 367 11.4 7.0x6.0 24.1 0.1 13  
  I.342   3 46.7 68 6 Cam Sc 1 18 11 12 15x15 26.5 -0.9 5  
  NGC 1437   3 43.6 -35 52 Eri S 18 356 340 12.9 2.0x1.5 22.7 0.6 51 Member of Fornax Cluster of Galaxies
* NGC 1435   3 46.2 23 45 Tau Neb 4 132 129 6.8 15x20 21.6 1.1 5 Merope Nebula in M45
!!!!* M45 M45 3 46.9 24 7 Tau OpCl 4 132 129 1.4 100x100 20 1.7 1 M45, the Pleiades
  NGC 1491   4 3.3 51 18 Per Neb 1 39 43 ? 3x3 ?      
  NGC 1499   4 3.4 36 25 Per Neb 5 95 68 6 145x40 24 0.1 2 California Nebula, see Notes
  NGC 1501   4 6.9 60 55 Cam Plan 1 39 25 12 0.9x0.8 20.3 1.6 96 central star mag 13.5
  NGC 1502   4 7.4 62 19 Cam OpCl 1 18 25 7 8x8 20.1 1.6 10 25 stars mag 8+
  NGC 1514   4 9.2 30 46 Tau Plan 5 95 97 11 2.0x2.0 21.1 1.2 38 central star mag 10
  NGC 1513   4 9.9 49 31 Per OpCl 5 64 44 9 12x12 23 0.5 6  
  NGC 1531   4 12.0 -32 51 Eri E3 19 356 309 13 0.5x0.3 19.6 1.9 256 near NGC 1532
  NGC 1532   4 12.1 -32 52 Eri Sb 19 356 309 11.8 5.0x1.0 22.2 0.8 77 near NGC 1531
  NGC 1528   4 15.2 51 15 Per OpCl 1 39 44 6 25x25 21.6 1.1 3 about 80 stars
  NGC 1535   4 14.4 -12 44 Eri Plan 11 268 238 9 0.3x0.3 15 3.7 256 central star mag 11.5
  NGC 1549   4 15.8 -55 35 Dor E1 24 420 391 11 2.8x2.5 21.7 1 31 near NGC 1553
  NGC 1553   4 16.3 -55 47 Dor S0 24 420 391 10.2 3.1x2.3 21 1.3 33  
  NGC 1559   4 17.6 -62 48 Ret SB 24 444 391 11.1 3.0x1.5 21.4 1.2 51  
  NGC 1566   4 20.0 -54 57 Dor Sb 24 420 391 10.5 5.0x4.0 22.4 0.7 19  
  NGC 1555   4 21.9 19 32 Tau Neb 11 133 130 var 0.5x0.5 -     Hind's Variable Nebula
  NGC 1579   4 30.2 35 17 Per Neb 5 96 69 ? 8x12 ?      
  NGC 1624   4 40.3 50 27 Per Neb 1 40 44 ? 3x3 ?     nebula around 7 stars
  NGC 1637   4 41.4 -2 50 Eri Sc 11 224 202 11.4 2.7x2.0 21.9 1 38  
S NGC 1647   4 46.1 19 5 Tau OpCl 11 134 131 6.5 40x40 23.1 0.4 2 25 stars mag 8 to 13
  NGC 1746   5 3.6 23 48 Tau OpCl 5 134 131 6 45x45 22.9 0.5 2 50 stars mag 8+
  NGC 1792   5 5.2 -38 0 Col Sc 19 358 341 10.7 3.0x1.0 20.5 1.5 77  
  NGC 1807   5 10.7 16 32 Tau OpCl 11 180 131 7.5 10x10 21.1 1.2 8 15 stars mag 8 to 9
  NGC 1817   5 12.1 16 42 Tau OpCl 11 180 131 8 15x15 22.5 0.7 5 50 stars mag 10+
  NGC 1832   5 12.3 -15 43 Lep Sc 11 270 275 12.3 2.1x1.1 21.8 1 70  
  NGC 1851   5 14.0 -40 2 Col Glob 19 393 342 7 5x5 19.1 2.1 15  
  I.405   5 16.3 34 19 Aur Neb 5 97 99 10 18x30 25.5 -0.5 4 nebula with AE Aurigae
  NGC 1857   5 20.1 39 21 Aur OpCl 5 66 70 7 9x9 20.4 1.5 9 45 stars mag 8+
  I.410   5 22.6 33 31 Aur Neb 5 97 99 9 20x20 24.1 0 4  
  NGC 1893   5 22.6 33 24 Aur OpCl 5 97 99 8 12x12 22 0.9 6 near I.410, 20 stars mag 9 to 12
!!!! LMC   5 19.7 -68 57 Dor Irr 24 444 409 1 360x360 22.4 0.7 1 Large Magellanic Cloud
  NGC 1904 M79 5 24.3 -24 31 Lep Glob 19 315 276 8.4 7.5x7.5 21.4 1.1 10 M79
  NGC 1912 M38 5 28.7 35 51 Aur OpCl 5 97 70 6.2 20x20 21.3 1.2 4 M38, 150 stars mag 8+
  NGC 1964   5 33.3 -21 57 Lep Sb 19 315 276 11.8 5.0x1.6 22.7 0.6 48  
!* NGC 1952 M1 5 34.5 22 1 Tau Neb 5 135 132 9 5x3 20.6 1.5 26 M1, the Crab Nebula
  NGC 1960 M36 5 36.2 34 9 Aur OpCl 5 97 99 6.3 12x12 20.3 1.6 6 M36, 60 stars mag 9+
!!!!* NGC 1976 M42 5 35.4 -5 23 Ori Neb 11 225 240 4 65x65 21.7 1 1 M42, the Great Nebula in Orion
  NGC 1977   5 35.5 -4 52 Ori Neb 11 225 204 7 40x25 23.1 0.4 3 includes NGC 1973, 1975
!!* NGC 1982 M43 5 35.6 -5 16 Ori Neb 11 225 240 8 7x5 20.5 1.5 15 M43
  NGC 1999   5 36.5 -6 43 Ori Neb 11 271 240 9 2x2 19.1 2 38 near M43
* B33   5 40.9 -2 28 Ori DNeb 11 226 204 - 6x4 - -   Horsehead Nebula
* I.434   5 41.1 -2 24 Ori Neb 11 226 204 ? 60x12 ?     contains Horsehead Nebula, B33
* NGC 2023   5 41.7 -2 13 Ori Neb 11 226 204 ? 10x10 ?      
!* NGC 2024   5 41.9 -1 50 Ori Neb 11 226 204 ? 20x20 ?     beautiful complex detail
!!! NGC 2070   5 39.6 -69 3 Dor Neb 24 445 409 ~5.? 20x20 ~20.1 1.7 4 Tarantula Nebula
!* NGC 2068 M78 5 46.8 0 3 Ori Neb 11 226 204 8 8x6 20.8 1.4 13 M78
* NGC 2071   5 47.2 0 18 Ori Neb 11 226 204 ? 4x3 ?     15' NE from NGC 2068
! NGC 2099 M37 5 52.3 32 34 Aur OpCl 5 98 99 6.2 20x20 21.3 1.2 4 M37, 150 stars mag 9+
  Barn. Lo op 5 55.0 -1 30 Ori Neb 11 226 204 p 6.0 840x60 26.4 -0.9 1 Barnard's Loop: faint arc
S NGC 2129   6 1.1 23 18 Gem OpCl 5 136 132 7 5x5 19.1 2.1 15 about 50 stars
  NGC 2158   6 7.4 24 6 Gem OpCl 5 136 133 11 4x4 22.6 0.6 19 near M35
! NGC 2168 M35 6 8.8 24 20 Gem OpCl 5 137 133 5.5 30x30 21.5 1.1 3 M35, 120 stars mag 8+
  NGC 2174   6 9.7 20 30 Ori Neb 5 137 133 ? 40x30       Ape Man Nebula; includes NGC 2175
  I.443   6 16.9 22 47 Gem Neb 5 137 133 ? 50x40       supernova remnant
  NGC 2207   6 16.4 -21 22 CMa Sc 19 317 277 12.3 2.5x1.5 22.4 0.8 51 interacting pair of galaxies
  I.2165   6 21.9 -12 58 CMa Plan 11 272 241 12.5 0.13x0.1 3 16.7 3 591  
  NGC 2237 -9 6 32.3 5 3 Mon Neb 12 227 169 9 60x80 26.8 -1 1 Rosette Nebula
! NGC 2244   6 32.4 4 52 Mon OpCl 12 227 205 5.5 40x40 22.1 0.8 2 cluster surrounding NGC 2237
!* NGC 2261   6 39.1 8 43 Mon Neb 12 182 169 10 2x2 20.1 1.6 38 Hubble's Variable Nebula
  NGC 2264   6 41.2 9 53 Mon OpCl 12 183 169 5 15x26 20.1 1.7 5 cluster + Cone Nebula
! NGC 2287 M41 6 47.0 -20 45 CMa OpCl 19 318 278 6 30x30 22 0.9 3 M41
  NGC 2281   6 49.3 41 4 Aur OpCl 5 68 71 6 15x15 20.5 1.5 5 about 30 stars mag 7+
  NGC 2323 M50 7 2.9 -8 20 Mon OpCl 12 273 242 6 10x10 19.6 1.8 8 M50
  NGC 2346   7 9.3 0 49 Mon Plan 12 228 206 10 1.0x0.9 18.5 2.3 85 central star variable mag 11+
  NGC 2276   7 28.2 85 47 Cep Sc 1 1 1 12.4 2.5x2.0 22.8 0.6 38  
  NGC 2359   7 17.7 -13 12 CMa Neb 12 274 242 ? 10x5       complex nebula around 10.4 mag star
  NGC 2360   7 17.7 -15 38 CMa OpCl 12 274 278 9 10x10 22.6 0.6 8 50 stars mag 9 to 12
  NGC 2300   7 33.5 85 45 Cep E2 1 1 1 12.2 1.0x1.7 21.4 1.1 77 NGC 2276 is 6' NW
  NGC 2362   7 18.7 -24 57 CMa OpCl 19 319 278 4 6x6 16.5 3.1 13 40 stars & 4th mag 30 CMa
  NGC 2383   7 24.8 -20 56 CMa OpCl 19 319 279 11 2x2 21.1 1.2 38 50 stars mag 12+
  NGC 2366   7 28.9 69 2 Cam Irr 1 21 13 12.6 6.0x3.0 24.4 0 26  
! NGC 2392   7 29.2 20 55 Gem Plan 5 139 135 8.3 0.7x0.7 16.2 3.2 110 Eskimo Nebula
  NGC 2403   7 36.8 65 36 Cam Sc 1 21 13 8.8 16x10 22.9 0.5 8  
  NGC 2421   7 36.3 -20 37 Pup OpCl 19 319 279 10 8x8 23.1 0.4 10 about 60 stars
S NGC 2422 M47 7 36.6 -14 30 Pup OpCl 12 274 243 5 20x20 20.1 1.6 4 M47
  NGC 2419   7 38.2 38 53 Lyn Glob 5 100 72 11.5 2x2 21.6 1 38 most distant globular in our Galaxy
!* NGC 2437 M46 7 41.9 -14 49 Pup OpCl 12 274 243 8 25x25 23.6 0.3 3 M46, with planetary NGC 2438
* NGC 2438   7 41.9 -14 43 Pup Plan 12 274 243 11 1.1x1.1 19.8 1.8 70 in M46
  NGC 2447 M93 7 44.5 -23 52 Pup OpCl 19 320 279 7 18x18 21.9 0.9 4 M93
  NGC 2477   7 52.3 -38 33 Pup OpCl 19 362 345 7 25x25 22.6 0.7 3 300 stars mag 11+
  NGC 2516   8 0.5 -60 52 Car OpCl 25 424 393 6 60x60 23.5 0.3 1 100 stars mag 7 to 13
  NGC 2547   8 10.4 -49 16 Vel OpCl 20 396 372 5.5 15x15 20 1.7 5 50 stars mag 7+
  NGC 2523   8 15.0 73 36 Cam SBb 2 7 14 12.7 1.8x1.4 22.3 0.8 55 theta shape
  NGC 2546   8 12.4 -37 38 Pup OpCl 20 362 345 8 25x25 23.6 0.3 3 50 stars mag 9+
  NGC 2548 M48 8 13.7 -5 47 Hya OpCl 12 275 244 5.5 40x40 22.1 0.8 2 M48
  NGC 2613   8 33.4 -22 58 Pyx Sb 20 321 280 10.9 6.4x1.5 22 0.9 51  
  NGC 2627   8 37.3 -29 56 Pyx OpCl 20 363 315 9 8x8 22.1 0.8 10 70 stars mag 11 to 13
  NGC 2623   8 38.4 25 46 Cnc Pec 6 141 103 14 2.0x0.4 22.4 0.7 192 extending filaments
!! NGC 2632 M44 8 40.4 19 41 Cnc OpCl 12 141 136 4.5 80x80 22.6 0.6 1 M44, Praesepe
  NGC 2659   8 42.6 -44 57 Vel OpCl 20 397 346 9.5 10x10 23.1 0.4 8 50 stars mag 11+
  H3   8 46.1 -52 47 Vel OpCl 25 425 372 6 7x7 18.9 2.2 11 35 stars mag 10+
* NGC 2682 M67 8 51.0 11 49 Cnc OpCl 12 187 173 7 15x15 21.5 1.1 5 M67, stars mag 10+
  NGC 2683   8 52.7 33 27 Lyn Sb 6 102 103 10.6 9.0x1.3 21.9 0.9 59  
  NGC 2681   8 53.6 51 20 UMa S0 2 44 48 11.3 2.8x2.5 22 0.9 31  
  NGC 2782   9 14.1 40 7 Lyn Sb 6 71 74 12.4 1.8x1.6 22.2 0.8 48 distorted, extended filament
  NGC 2818   9 16.0 -36 37 Pyx OpCl 20 364 346 11 9x9 24.4 -0.1 9 contains 13th mag planetary nebula
  NGC 2841   9 22.1 50 59 UMa Sb 2 44 49 10.3 6.2x2.0 21.7 1 38  
  I.2488   9 27.2 -56 58 Vel OpCl 25 425 395 7 20x20 22.1 0.8 4 50 stars mag 11+
  NGC 2910   9 30.1 -52 54 Vel OpCl 25 426 373 8 6x6 20.5 1.5 13 30 stars mag 10+
* NGC 2903   9 32.1 21 31 Leo Sb 6 143 138 9.7 11.0x4.7 22.6 0.7 16  
  NGC 2925   9 33.6 -53 26 Vel OpCl 25 426 373 8 11x11 21.8 1 7 about 30 stars
  NGC 2976   9 47.3 67 54 UMa Sc 2 23 14 10.8 3.4x1.9 21.5 1.1 40 member of M81 group
  NGC 2997   9 45.7 -31 12 Ant Sc 20 365 317 11 6.0x5.0 23.3 0.4 15  
!!* NGC 3031 M81 9 55.6 69 4 UMa Sa 2 23 14 8 18x10 22.3 0.8 8 M81 (near M82)
!!* NGC 3034 M82 9 56.1 69 42 UMa Irr 2 23 14 9.2 8.0x3.0 21.3 1.2 26 M82 (near M81)
  NGC 3077   10 3.4 68 44 UMa E2 2 23 14 11 2.6x1.9 21.4 1.2 40 member of M81 group
  NGC 3109   10 3.1 -26 10 Hya Irr 20 324 317 11.2 11.0x2.0 23.2 0.4 38  
  NGC 3114   10 2.7 -60 8 Car OpCl 25 426 395 8 40x40 24.6 -0.2 2 100 stars mag 9 to 13
  NGC 3115   10 5.3 -7 43 Sex E7 13 279 247 10 4.0x1.0 20.1 1.6 77 Spindle Nebula
  NGC 3132   10 7.0 -40 26 Vel Plan 20 399 347 8.2 1.4x1.4 17.6 2.7 55 central star mag 10
  NGC 3145   10 10.1 -12 25 Hya SBb 13 279 247 12.5 2.4x1.0 22.1 0.9 77  
  NGC 3166   10 13.8 3 25 Sex Sa 13 234 211 11.5 4.0x1.5 22.1 0.9 51 near NGC 3169
  NGC 3169   10 14.3 3 28 Sex Sb 13 234 211 11.4 3.9x1.7 22.1 0.9 45 near NGC 3166
  NGC 3147   10 17.1 73 24 Dra Sb 2 8 15 11.3 3.0x2.3 22 0.9 33  
  NGC 3185   10 17.7 21 41 Leo SBa 6 144 139 12.7 1.5x0.9 21.7 1 85 group with NGC 3187, 3193, 3190
  NGC 3187   10 17.8 21 53 Leo SBc 6 144 139 13 1.0x1.3 21.9 0.9 77  
  NGC 3184   10 18.2 41 25 UMa Sc 6 72 75 10.5 5.5x5.5 22.8 0.6 14  
  NGC 3190   10 18.2 21 50 Leo Sb 6 144 139 12 3.0x1.0 21.8 1 77  
  NGC 3201   10 17.6 -46 24 Vel Glob 20 399 374 8.5 10x10 22.1 0.8 8  
  NGC 3193   10 18.5 21 54 Leo E0 6 144 139 12 0.9x0.9 20.4 1.5 85  
  NGC 3198   10 19.8 45 34 UMa Sc 6 72 50 11 9.0x3.0 23.2 0.4 26  
  NGC 3228   10 21.7 -51 44 Vel OpCl 25 426 374 6.5 20x20 21.6 1 4  
  NGC 3242   10 24.8 -18 38 Hya Plan 13 325 283 8.9 0.7x0.7 16.8 3 110  
  I.2574   10 28.7 68 28 UMa Irr 2 24 15 13 9.0x4.0 25.5 -0.5 19 member of M81 group
  NGC 3256   10 27.8 -43 53 Vel Pec 20 399 348 12.1 2.0x1.5 21.9 0.9 51  
  NGC 3293   10 33.4 -58 13 Car OpCl 25 427 395 5 8x8 18.1 2.4 10 50 stars mag 6 to 13
  NGC 3310   10 38.8 53 30 UMa Irr 2 46 50 11 3.0x2.0 21.6 1.1 38  
  NGC 3319   10 39.3 41 40 UMa SBc 6 72 76 11.8 6.0x2.8 23.5 0.3 27  
  NGC 3344   10 43.4 24 55 LMi Sc 6 145 106 11 6.0x5.1 23.3 0.4 15  
  NGC 3351 M95 10 43.9 11 42 Leo SBb 13 190 176 11 4.0x3.0 22.3 0.8 26 M95, theta shape
!!!! NGC 3372   10 45.0 -59 41 Car Neb 25 427 396 ? 85x80 ?     Eta Carinae Nebula
  NGC 3359   10 46.7 63 14 UMa SBc 2 24 30 11 6.0x3.0 22.8 0.6 26  
* NGC 3368 M96 10 46.8 11 49 Leo Sb 13 190 176 10.2 6.0x4.0 22.3 0.8 19 M96
* NGC 3379 M105 10 47.8 12 35 Leo E1 13 190 176 10.6 2.1x2.0 20.8 1.4 38 M105
* NGC 3384   10 48.3 12 38 Leo E7 13 190 176 11 4.0x2.0 21.9 0.9 38 group with M105
* NGC 3389   10 48.4 12 32 Leo Sc 13 190 176 12.2 2.2x1.0 21.7 1 77 group with M105
  NGC 3395   10 49.9 32 59 LMi Sc 6 105 106 12.4 1.4x0.8 21.2 1.2 96  
  NGC 3396   10 50.0 33 0 LMi Irr 6 105 106 12.8 1.0x0.5 20.7 1.4 154 pair with NGC 3395
  NGC 3423   10 51.3 5 51 Sex Sc 13 190 176 11.7 3.5x3.0 22.9 0.5 26  
  NGC 3486   11 0.5 28 59 LMi Sc 6 106 106 11.2 5.5x4.2 23.2 0.4 18  
  NGC 3504   11 3.2 27 59 LMi Sb 6 146 106 11.6 2.0x1.8 21.6 1.1 43  
  NGC 3511   11 3.2 -23 6 Crt Sc 20 326 284 11.9 4.2x1.5 22.5 0.7 51  
  NGC 3513   11 3.5 -23 14 Crt SBc 20 326 284 12 2.0x1.6 21.9 0.9 48  
  NGC 3521   11 5.8 0 2 Leo Sb 13 236 212 10.2 6.0x4.0 22.3 0.8 19  
  NGC 3532   11 5.5 -58 40 Car OpCl 25 427 396 7 60x60 24.5 -0.1 1 150 stars mag 8 to 12
* NGC 3556 M108 11 11.6 55 41 UMa Sc 2 46 30 10.8 7.8x1.4 22 0.9 55 M108, near M97
* NGC 3587 M97 11 14.9 55 2 UMa Plan 2 46 30 11 2.5x2.5 21.6 1.1 31 M97, Owl Nebula
  NGC 3610   11 18.5 58 48 UMa E4 2 46 30 11.6 1.4x0.9 20.5 1.5 85  
  NGC 3613   11 18.6 58 1 UMa E5 2 46 30 11.7 1.7x0.8 20.7 1.4 96  
  NGC 3621   11 18.3 -32 48 Hya Sc 20 367 319 11.8 3.5x1.4 22.2 0.8 55  
!* NGC 3623 M65 11 18.9 13 7 Leo Sa 13 191 176 10.3 7.8x1.6 21.7 1 48 M65
!* NGC 3627 M66 11 20.2 13 1 Leo Sb 13 191 176 9.7 8.0x2.5 21.6 1.1 31 M66
* NGC 3628   11 20.3 13 37 Leo Sb 13 191 176 10.3 12.0x2.0 22.4 0.7 38 near M65, M66
  NGC 3631   11 21.1 53 12 UMa Sc 2 46 51 11.5 4.5x4.0 23.3 0.4 19  
  NGC 3672   11 25.0 -9 48 Crt Sb 13 281 249 11.8 3.5x1.4 22.2 0.8 55  
  NGC 3675   11 26.2 43 36 UMa Sb 6 73 77 11.4 3.5x1.3 21.7 1 59  
  NGC 3718   11 32.7 53 4 UMa SBa 2 47 51 11.8 3.0x3.0 22.8 0.6 26  
  NGC 3726   11 33.4 47 2 UMa Sc 6 73 51 11.3 5.0x3.4 23 0.5 23  
  NGC 3887   11 47.1 -16 52 Crt Sc 13 282 285 11.6 2.8x2.0 22.1 0.9 38  
  NGC 3893   11 48.7 48 43 UMa Sc 6 74 51 11 3.9x2.5 22.1 0.9 31  
  NGC 3918   11 50.3 -57 11 Cen Plan 25 428 396 8 0.17x0.1 7 12.8 4.6 452  
* NGC 3992 M109 11 57.6 53 22 UMa SBb 2 47 51 10.9 6.4x3.5 22.9 0.5 22 M109
  NGC 3998   11 57.9 55 27 UMa E2 2 47 30 11.6 1.6x1.2 20.9 1.3 64  
  NGC 4026   11 59.5 50 57 UMa E8 2 47 51 11.9 3.3x0.7 21.4 1.1 110  
  NGC 4027   11 59.6 -19 16 Crv Pec 13 327 285 11.6 2.0x1.7 21.6 1.1 45 near NGC 4038
  NGC 4030   12 0.4 -1 6 Vir Sb 13 238 213 11.2 3.3x2.4 22.1 0.9 32  
  NGC 4036   12 1.5 61 53 UMa E6 2 25 30 11.6 3.0x1.0 21.4 1.1 77 near NGC 4041
!* NGC 4038   12 1.9 -18 52 Crv Pec 13 328 285 11 2.5x2.5 21.6 1.1 31 Ringtail Galaxy
!* NGC 4039   12 1.9 -18 53 Crv Pec 13 328 285 12 2.5x2.0 22.4 0.7 38 Ringtail Galaxy
  NGC 4041   12 2.3 62 8 UMa Sc 2 25 30 11.7 2.2x1.9 21.9 0.9 40 16' from NGC 4036
  NGC 4051   12 3.2 44 31 UMa Sb 7 74 78 11.2 4.2x3.0 22.6 0.7 26  
  NGC 4085   12 5.3 50 21 UMa Sb 2 47 52 12.8 2.2x0.5 21.5 1.1 154 11' from NGC 4088
  NGC 4088   12 5.5 50 32 UMa Sb 2 47 52 11.1 4.7x1.5 21.8 1 51 near NGC 4085
  NGC 4096   12 6.0 47 28 UMa Sc 7 74 52 11.5 5.8x1.0 22 0.9 77  
  NGC 4100   12 6.1 49 34 UMa Sb 7 74 52 11.9 4.5x1.1 22.3 0.8 70  
  NGC 4105   12 6.7 -29 47 Hya E3 21 368 320 12 1.5x1.5 21.5 1.1 51 interacting with NGC 4106
  NGC 4106   12 6.8 -29 48 Hya E2 21 368 320 12.5 1.0x1.8 21.8 1 77 interacting with NGC 4105
  NGC 4111   12 7.0 43 4 CVn E7 7 74 78 11.6 3.4x0.8 21.3 1.2 96 lenticular shape
  NGC 4116   12 7.7 2 41 Vir SBc 13 238 214 12.3 3.3x1.4 22.6 0.7 55 near NGC 4123
  NGC 4123   12 8.2 2 52 Vir SBb 13 238 214 12 3.5x2.4 22.9 0.5 32 near NGC 4116
  NGC 4147   12 10.1 18 32 Com Glob 13 148 142 11 4x4 22.6 0.6 19  
  NGC 4192 M98 12 13.8 14 54 Com Sb 13 193 142 11 8.2x2.0 22.7 0.6 38 M98
  NGC 4214   12 15.6 36 19 CVn Irr 7 107 78 10.5 7.0x4.5 22.9 0.6 17  
  NGC 4216   12 15.9 13 8 Vir Sb 13 193 178 10.9 7.2x1.0 21.7 1 77  
  NGC 4236   12 16.7 69 28 Dra SB 2 25 16 10.7 22x5 24.4 -0.1 15  
  NGC 4244   12 17.5 37 48 CVn Sb 7 107 78 10.7 13.0x1.0 22.1 0.9 77 edge-on spiral
  NGC 4251   12 18.2 28 10 Com Sa 7 107 108 11.3 2.0x0.8 20.4 1.5 96  
* NGC 4254 M99 12 18.8 14 25 Com Sc 13 193 178 10.4 4.5x4.0 22.2 0.8 19 M99
* NGC 4258 M106 12 19.0 47 18 CVn Sb 7 74 52 9 19.5x6.5 22.9 0.5 12 M106
  NGC 4260   12 19.4 6 6 Vir SBc 13 193 178 12.7 2.3x0.9 22.1 0.9 85  
  NGC 4261   12 19.4 5 49 Vir E2 13 193 178 11.7 2.0x1.7 21.7 1 45 near NGC 4260
  NGC 4273   12 20.0 5 20 Vir Sc 13 238 178 12.3 1.7x1.2 21.7 1 64  
  NGC 4274   12 18.8 29 36 Com Sb 7 107 108 11.5 5.0x1.2 22.1 0.9 64  
  NGC 4281   12 20.4 5 23 Vir E5 13 238 178 12.2 1.5x0.8 21 1.3 96 near NGC 4270, 4273
  NGC 4293   12 21.2 18 23 Com Sa 13 148 142 11.7 4.8x1.8 22.7 0.6 43 heavy dust lanes
  NGC 4294   12 21.2 11 30 Vir SBc 13 193 178 12.6 2.4x0.9 22.1 0.9 85 near NGC 4299
  NGC 4298   12 21.5 14 36 Com Sc 13 193 178 11.9 2.7x1.1 21.7 1 70 near NGC 4307
  NGC 4299   12 21.7 11 30 Vir SBc 13 193 178 12.9 1.1x0.9 21.5 1.1 85 near NGC 4294
  NGC 4302   12 21.7 14 36 Com Sc 13 193 178 12.9 4.5x0.5 22.4 0.7 154 edge-on, with dust lane
  NGC 4303 M61 12 22.0 4 28 Vir Sc 13 238 214 10.2 5.7x5.5 22.6 0.7 14 M61
* NGC 4321 M100 12 22.9 15 49 Com Sc 13 193 142 10.4 5.2x5.0 22.6 0.7 15 M100
  M40 M40 12 22.4 58 5 UMa star 2 47 31 9 -       M40: 2 stars separated by 49"
  NGC 4340   12 23.5 16 43 Com SBa 13 193 142 13 2.2x1.4 22.8 0.6 55 theta shape
  NGC 4349   12 24.2 -61 54 Cru OpCl 25 450 397 10 15x15 24.5 -0.1 5 100 stars mag 12-14
  NGC 4350   12 23.9 16 41 Com E7 13 193 142 11.9 1.9x0.5 20.5 1.5 154 lenticular shape
  NGC 4361   12 24.5 -18 46 Crv Plan 13 328 286 10.5 1.3x1.3 19.7 1.8 59 central star mag 13
  NGC 4365   12 24.5 7 19 Vir E2 13 193 178 11 2.0x1.3 20.7 1.4 59  
* NGC 4374 M84 12 25.1 12 53 Vir E1 13 193 178 10.5 2.0x1.8 20.5 1.5 43 M84
  NGC 4382 M85 12 25.3 18 11 Com S0 13 148 142 10.5 3.0x2.0 21.1 1.3 38 M85
  NGC 4372   12 25.9 -72 41 Mus Glob 25 466 413 8 18x18 22.9 0.5 4  
* NGC 4387   12 25.7 12 49 Vir E5 13 193 178 12 1.9x1.1 21.4 1.1 70  
* NGC 4388   12 25.8 12 39 Vir SBc 13 193 178 12 5.0x1.0 22.4 0.7 77 near M84
  NGC 4394   12 25.9 18 12 Com SBb 13 148 142 12 3.0x3.0 23 0.5 26 near M85
  NGC 4395   12 25.9 33 32 CVn S 7 108 108 11 10.0x8.0 24.4 -0.1 10 3-branch spiral
* NGC 4402   12 26.1 13 7 Vir Sb 13 193 178 13 2.0x0.8 22.1 0.8 96 near M86
* NGC 4406 M86 12 26.2 12 56 Vir E3 13 193 178 10.5 3.0x2.8 21.4 1.1 27 M86
* NGC 4413   12 26.5 12 36 Vir SBa 13 193 178 13.2 1.1x0.7 21.5 1.1 110 near NGC 4388
  NGC 4414   12 26.5 31 13 Com Sc 7 108 108 11 3.1x1.5 21.3 1.2 51  
  NGC 4417   12 26.8 9 35 Vir E7 13 193 178 12.2 2.2x0.8 21.4 1.1 96 near NGC 4424
  NGC 4424   12 27.1 9 25 Vir SBa 13 193 178 12.5 2.5x1.3 22.4 0.7 59 near NGC 4417
* NGC 4425   12 27.2 12 44 Vir S0 13 193 178 12.9 2.0x0.5 21.5 1.1 154 near M86
* NGC 4435   12 27.7 13 4 Vir E4 13 193 178 11.8 1.4x0.9 20.7 1.4 85 near NGC 4438
* NGC 4438   12 27.8 13 0 Vir Sa 13 193 178 11 4.0x1.5 21.6 1.1 51 near NGC 4435
  NGC 4448   12 28.3 28 37 Com Sb 7 108 108 11.7 2.9x1.0 21.5 1.1 77  
* NGC 4449   12 28.2 44 5 CVn Irr 7 75 78 10.5 4.2x3.0 21.9 0.9 26 rectangular shape
  NGC 4450   12 28.4 17 4 Com Sb 13 148 142 11.1 3.8x3.0 22.4 0.8 26  
* NGC 4458   12 29.0 13 15 Vir E0 13 193 178 12 1.9x1.8 22 0.9 43  
* NGC 4459   12 29.0 13 58 Com S0 13 193 178 11.7 1.5x1.0 20.8 1.4 77 dust lane near nucleus
  3C273   12 29.2 2 2 Vir QSO 13 238 214 12.8 stellar -     brightest quasar
* NGC 4461   12 29.1 13 11 Vir S0 13 193 178 12.2 2.0x1.0 21.6 1.1 77  
  NGC 4472 M49 12 29.8 7 59 Vir E3 13 193 178 10.1 4.0x3.4 21.6 1.1 23 M49
* NGC 4473   12 29.8 13 25 Vir E4 13 193 178 11.3 2.0x1.0 20.7 1.4 77  
* NGC 4476   12 30.0 12 20 Vir E4 14 193 178 13.3 0.7x0.4 20.5 1.5 192 near M87
* NGC 4477   12 30.0 13 38 Com SBa 14 193 178 10.4 4.0x3.5 21.9 0.9 22  
* NGC 4478   12 30.3 12 19 Vir E1 14 193 178 12.4 1.0x1.8 21.7 1 77 near M87
* NGC 4479   12 30.3 13 35 Com Sb 14 193 178 12.5 1.5x1.5 22 0.9 51  
  NGC 4485   12 30.6 41 41 CVn E 7 75 78 12.5 1.3x0.7 21 1.3 110 near NGC 4490
!* NGC 4486 M87 12 30.8 12 23 Vir E1 14 193 178 8.6 3.0x3.0 19.6 1.9 26 M87
  NGC 4490   12 30.7 41 38 CVn Sc 7 75 78 10.1 5.0x2.0 21.2 1.2 38 Cocoon Galaxy
  NGC 4494   12 31.4 25 46 Com E1 7 148 108 10.9 1.4x1.4 20.3 1.6 55  
  NGC 4501 M88 12 32.0 14 25 Com Sb 14 194 178 10.5 5.7x2.5 22 0.9 31 M88
  NGC 4517   12 32.8 0 6 Vir Sc 14 239 214 11.4 9.0x1.0 22.4 0.7 77 equatorial dust lane
  NGC 4526   12 34.1 7 41 Vir E7 14 194 178 10.7 4.0x1.0 20.8 1.4 77  
  NGC 4527   12 34.2 2 39 Vir Sb 14 239 214 11.3 5.1x1.1 21.8 1 70  
  NGC 4535   12 34.3 8 11 Vir SBc 14 194 178 10.7 6.0x4.0 22.8 0.6 19  
  NGC 4536   12 34.5 2 11 Vir Sc 14 239 214 11 7.0x2.0 22.5 0.7 38  
  I.3568   12 33.7 82 34 Cam Plan 2 9 6 11.6 0.60x0.6 0 19.1 2.1 128  
  NGC 4548 M91 12 35.4 14 29 Com SBb 14 194 178 10.9 3.9x3.4 22.3 0.8 23 M91
  NGC 4552 M89 12 35.6 12 33 Vir E0 14 194 178 11 2.0x2.0 21.1 1.2 38 M89
  NGC 4559   12 36.0 27 57 Com Sc 7 149 108 10.5 10.0x3.0 22.8 0.6 26  
  NGC 4564   12 36.4 11 26 Vir E6 14 194 178 11.1 3.1x1.4 21.3 1.2 55 near NGC 4567, 4568
!!!* NGC 4565   12 36.4 25 59 Com Sb 7 149 108 10.5 15.0x1.1 22.2 0.8 70 famous edge-on spiral
! NGC 4567   12 36.5 11 15 Vir Sb 14 194 178 12 2.4x1.6 22.1 0.9 48 the Siamese Twins
  NGC 4568   12 36.6 11 14 Vir Sb 14 194 178 11.9 3.6x1.8 22.6 0.7 43 near NGC 4567
* NGC 4569 M90 12 36.8 13 9 Vir Sb 14 194 178 9 7.0x2.5 20.7 1.4 31 M90
  NGC 4579 M58 12 37.6 11 48 Vir Sb 14 194 178 10.5 4.0x3.5 22 0.9 22 M58
  H7   12 39.7 -60 36 Cru OpCl 25 429 397 10 8x8 23.1 0.4 10 about 200 stars
  NGC 4590 M68 12 39.5 -26 45 Hya Glob 21 329 320 8 9x9 21.4 1.1 9 M68
!!* NGC 4594 M104 12 39.9 -11 37 Vir Sa 14 284 250 8.2 7.0x1.5 19.4 1.9 51 M104, the Sombrero Galaxy
  NGC 4605   12 40.0 61 37 UMa Sc 2 26 31 10.9 4.0x1.2 21.2 1.2 64  
  NGC 4618   12 41.6 41 9 CVn Sc 7 75 78 11.2 3.0x2.5 22 0.9 31 ringtail shape
  NGC 4621 M59 12 42.0 11 39 Vir E3 14 194 178 11 2.0x1.5 20.8 1.4 51 M59
  NGC 4631   12 42.2 32 33 CVn Sc 7 108 108 9.7 12.5x1.2 21.3 1.2 64 edge-on spiral
  NGC 4638   12 42.7 11 27 Vir E5 14 194 179 12.2 1.1x0.5 20.2 1.6 154 near M59 & M60
  NGC 4636   12 42.9 2 41 Vir E1 14 239 215 11 7.0x2.0 22.5 0.7 38  
  NGC 4639   12 42.8 13 15 Vir SBb 14 194 179 12.2 2.0x1.3 21.9 1 59  
  NGC 4643   12 43.4 1 59 Vir SBa 14 239 215 11.6 1.7x0.8 20.6 1.5 96  
  NGC 4647   12 43.5 11 35 Vir Sc 14 194 179 12 2.3x1.8 22.2 0.8 43 near M60
  NGC 4649 M60 12 43.6 11 33 Vir E1 14 194 179 10 3.0x2.5 20.8 1.4 31 M60
  NGC 4651   12 43.7 16 24 Com Sc 14 194 143 11.4 3.0x2.5 22.2 0.8 31  
  NGC 4654   12 43.9 13 7 Vir Sc 14 194 179 11.2 4.5x2.5 22.5 0.7 31 near NGC 4639
! NGC 4656   12 44.0 32 10 CVn Irr 7 108 108 11 19.5x2.0 23.6 0.3 38 stretched S shape
  NGC 4660   12 44.5 11 10 Vir E5 14 194 179 12.2 1.3x0.6 20.6 1.5 128 near M60
  NGC 4666   12 45.2 0 28 Vir Sc 14 239 215 11.4 3.9x0.7 21.1 1.3 110 near NGC 4668
  NGC 4668   12 45.6 0 33 Vir SBc 14 239 215 13.4 0.8x0.6 21.2 1.2 128 near NGC 4666
  NGC 4689   12 47.7 13 45 Com Sb 14 194 179 11.7 2.8x2.0 22.2 0.8 38  
  NGC 4697   12 48.6 -5 48 Vir E5 14 284 251 10.5 2.5x1.3 20.4 1.5 59  
  NGC 4699   12 49.1 -8 40 Vir Sa 14 284 251 10.3 3.0x2.0 20.9 1.4 38  
  NGC 4710   12 49.6 15 10 Com S0 14 194 143 12 3.4x0.5 21.2 1.2 154 edge-on, dust lane
  NGC 4725   12 50.5 25 30 Com SBb 7 149 109 10.5 7.5x4.8 23 0.5 16  
* NGC 4736 M94 12 51.0 41 7 CVn Sb 7 75 78 8.9 5.0x3.5 20.6 1.4 22 M94
  NGC 4742   12 51.8 -10 28 Vir E3 14 284 251 12 1.0x0.6 20.1 1.7 128 near NGC 4760, 4781
  NGC 4747   12 51.8 25 45 Com Pec 7 149 109 12.8 3.0x0.5 21.9 1 154 distorted
  NGC 4754   12 52.2 11 19 Vir S0 14 194 179 11.8 2.5x1.0 21.4 1.1 77 near NGC 4762
  NGC 4753   12 52.4 -1 11 Vir Irr 14 239 215 10.6 2.8x2.0 21.1 1.3 38  
  Coalsack   12 53.0 -63 0 Cru DNeb 25 451 397 - 400x300 - -   next to Southern Cross
  NGC 4762   12 52.9 11 15 Vir S0 14 194 179 11.5 3.7x0.4 20.6 1.5 192 near NGC 4754
  NGC 4760   12 53.1 -10 29 Vir E1 14 284 251 12.5 0.6x0.5 19.8 1.8 154 near NGC 4742, 4781
!! NGC 4755   12 53.6 -60 21 Cru OpCl 25 429 397 4.2 10x10 17.8 2.6 8 the Jewel Box
  NGC 4781   12 54.4 -10 32 Vir SBc 14 284 251 11.7 2.6x1.1 21.5 1.1 70 near NGC 4742, 4760
  NGC 4782   12 54.6 -12 35 Crv E0 14 284 251 12.9 0.5x0.5 20 1.7 154 touching NGC 4783
  NGC 4783   12 54.6 -12 34 Crv E0 14 284 251 12.9 0.5x0.5 20 1.7 154 touching NGC 4782
  NGC 4790   12 54.8 -10 14 Vir SBc 14 284 251 12.5 1.4x1.0 21.5 1.1 77 near NGC 4781
!* NGC 4826 M64 12 56.8 21 41 Com Sa 7 149 143 8.6 7.5x3.5 20.8 1.4 22 M64, the Black Eye Galaxy
  NGC 4845   12 58.1 1 35 Vir Sa 14 239 215 12.6 4.0x0.8 22.5 0.7 96 equatorial dust lane
  NGC 4833   12 59.3 -70 52 Mus Glob 25 451 413 8.5 6x6 21 1.3 13  
  NGC 4856   12 59.3 -15 2 Vir SBa 14 284 251 11.4 2.5x0.7 20.6 1.4 110 theta shape
  NGC 4874   12 59.6 27 58 Com S0 7 149 109 13.5 1.0x1.0 22.1 0.8 77 near NGC 4889
  NGC 4889   13 0.1 27 59 Com E4 7 149 109 13.2 1.0x0.6 21.3 1.2 128 center of Coma Cluster of Galaxies
  NGC 4902   13 0.9 -14 31 Vir SBb 14 284 251 11.6 2.0x2.0 21.7 1 38  
  NGC 4945   13 5.3 -49 29 Cen Sc 21 402 377 ? ? ?      
  NGC 5005   13 10.8 37 3 CVn Sb 7 109 79 10.8 4.7x1.6 21.6 1.1 48  
  NGC 5024 M53 13 12.9 18 10 Com Glob 14 150 143 8 10x10 21.6 1 8 M53
  NGC 5033   13 13.5 36 35 CVn Sb 7 109 79 11 8.0x4.0 23.4 0.3 19  
* NGC 5055 M63 13 15.7 42 1 CVn Sb 7 76 79 9.8 9.0x4.0 22.3 0.8 19 M63
  NGC 5053   13 16.3 17 41 Com Glob 14 150 143 10.5 8x8 23.6 0.2 10 near M53
  NGC 5102   13 21.9 -36 39 Cen S0 21 370 351 10.8 6.0x2.5 22.4 0.8 31  
!!!* NGC 5128   13 25.3 -43 1 Cen S0 21 403 351 7.2 10x8 20.6 1.5 10 peculiar, with dark lane
!!!!* NGC 5139   13 26.8 -47 29 Cen Glob 21 403 377 3.6 30x30 19.6 1.9 3 Omega Centauri: spectacular globular
!!!* NGC 5194 M51 13 29.9 47 12 CVn Sc 7 76 53 8.1 10.0x5.5 21.1 1.3 14 M51
* NGC 5195   13 30.0 47 16 CVn Pec 7 76 53 11 2.0x1.5 20.8 1.4 51 companion to NGC 5194
  NGC 5189   13 33.4 -65 58 Mus Neb 25 451 413 ? 185x130 ?      
!!* NGC 5236 M83 13 37.1 -29 52 Hya Sc 21 370 322 8 10.0x8.0 21.4 1.1 10 M83
  NGC 5248   13 37.6 8 53 Boo Sc 14 196 180 11 3.2x1.4 21.3 1.2 55  
  NGC 5253   13 39.9 -31 39 Cen E 21 370 322 10.8 4.0x1.5 21.4 1.2 51  
! NGC 5272 M3 13 42.2 28 23 CVn Glob 7 110 110 6 18x18 20.9 1.3 4 M3
  NGC 5322   13 49.3 60 11 UMa E2 2 49 32 11.3 1.4x1.0 20.3 1.6 77  
  NGC 5350   13 53.4 40 22 CVn Sb 7 76 80 11.4 3.2x1.4 21.7 1 55 near NGC 5353
  NGC 5353   13 53.4 40 16 CVn E5 7 76 80 12.3 1.1x0.4 20 1.7 192 near NGC 5354
  NGC 5354   13 53.4 40 17 CVn E3 7 76 80 13 0.9x0.7 21.1 1.2 110 near NGC 5353
  NGC 5363   13 56.1 5 14 Vir Irr 14 241 180 11.1 1.7x1.5 20.7 1.4 51 near NGC 5364
  NGC 5371   13 55.7 40 28 CVn Sb 7 76 80 11.5 3.7x3.0 22.7 0.6 26  
  NGC 5364   13 56.2 5 0 Vir Sb 14 241 180 11.5 5.0x4.0 23.4 0.3 19 near NGC 5363
  NGC 5377   13 56.3 47 12 CVn Sa 7 76 53 12 3.0x0.6 21.3 1.2 128 outer ring
  NGC 5367   13 57.7 -39 59 Cen Neb 21 403 352 10 1.3x1.0 18.9 2.1 77 double nucleus
  NGC 5383   13 57.1 41 50 CVn SBb 7 76 80 12.7 2.2x2.0 22.9 0.5 38  
  NGC 5394   13 58.6 37 25 CVn Sb 7 110 80 13.5 0.5x0.5 20.6 1.5 154  
  NGC 5395   13 58.6 37 24 CVn Sb 7 110 80 12.7 2.1x1.0 22.1 0.8 77 interacting with NGC 5394?
  NGC 5426   14 3.4 -6 3 Vir Sc 14 286 253 12.7 1.5x1.1 21.9 1 70 near NGC 5427
  NGC 5427   14 3.4 -6 1 Vir Sc 14 286 253 12 2.0x1.7 22 0.9 45 near NGC 5426
! NGC 5457 M101 14 3.2 54 21 UMa Sc 2 49 54 9 22x20 24.2 0 4 M101
  NGC 5466   14 5.4 28 32 Boo Glob 7 110 110 9 5x5 21.1 1.3 15  
  NGC 5474   14 5.0 53 40 UMa Irr 2 49 54 11.5 4.0x3.0 22.8 0.6 26  
  NGC 5585   14 19.6 56 43 UMa Sc 2 49 32 11.6 4.5x2.3 22.8 0.6 33  
  NGC 5614   14 24.1 34 51 Boo Sa 7 111 80 12.9 2.1x0.8 22.1 0.9 96  
  NGC 5617   14 29.7 -60 43 Cen OpCl 25 430 398 8 15x15 22.5 0.7 5 50 stars mag 8+
  NGC 5643   14 32.6 -44 12 Lup Sb 21 404 352 11.4 2.5x2.3 21.9 0.9 33  
  NGC 5740   14 44.4 1 41 Vir Sb 14 243 218 12.6 2.5x1.5 22.7 0.6 51 near NGC 5746
  NGC 5746   14 44.8 1 57 Vir Sb 14 243 218 11.7 6.5x0.8 22.1 0.9 96 near NGC 5740
  NGC 5824   15 4.0 -33 5 Lup Glob 21 373 324 9.5 3x3 20.5 1.5 26  
  NGC 5823   15 5.6 -55 36 Cir OpCl 25 431 399 11 9x9 24.4 -0.1 9 80 stars mag 13+
  NGC 5846   15 6.5 1 36 Vir E0 14 243 218 11.5 1.0x1.0 20.1 1.6 77 near NGC 5850
  NGC 5850   15 7.1 1 32 Vir SBb 14 243 218 12 2.6x2.1 22.5 0.7 37 theta shape
  NGC 5866   15 6.5 55 45 Dra E6 2 50 33 11.1 2.9x1.0 20.9 1.3 77 equatorial dust lane
  NGC 5905   15 15.4 55 31 Dra SBb 2 50 33 13.1 4.4x3.2 24.6 -0.1 24 near NGC 5908
  NGC 5897   15 17.4 -21 1 Lib Glob 21 334 290 9 8.5x8.5 22.3 0.8 9  
  NGC 5907   15 15.9 56 20 Dra Sb 2 50 33 11 11.0x0.6 21.7 1 128  
  NGC 5908   15 16.7 55 25 Dra Sb 2 50 33 13 2.4x0.4 21.6 1.1 192 equatorial dust lane
! NGC 5904 M5 15 18.5 2 5 Ser Glob 14 244 218 6.2 13x13 20.4 1.5 6 M5
  NGC 5962   15 36.5 16 36 Ser Sc 15 199 147 11.9 2.2x1.3 21.7 1 59  
  NGC 5985   15 39.6 59 20 Dra Sb 2 51 33 12 4.3x2.1 23 0.5 37  
  NGC 5986   15 46.1 -37 46 Lup Glob 21 374 354 8 5x5 20.1 1.7 15  
  SP1   15 51.1 -51 30 Nor Plan 25 432 379 8.5 1.2x1.2 17.5 2.7 64 ring, 13.5m central star
  NGC 6027   15 59.2 20 46 Ser E 7 155 147 14 1.7x1.3 23.5 0.3 59 5 close galaxies
  NGC 6025   16 3.7 -60 30 TrA OpCl 26 432 399 6 10x10 19.6 1.8 8 30 stars mag 7+
  NGC 6067   16 13.2 -54 13 Nor OpCl 26 432 380 8 15x15 22.5 0.7 5 100 stars mag 10+
  NGC 6093 M80 16 17.1 -22 59 Sco Glob 22 336 292 8 7x7 20.9 1.4 11 M80
  NGC 6101   16 25.7 -72 13 Aps Glob 26 454 415 10 4x4 21.6 1 19  
!* NGC 6121 M4 16 23.7 -26 31 Sco Glob 22 336 325 7.4 20x20 22.5 0.7 4 M4
  NGC 6124   16 25.6 -40 42 Sco OpCl 22 407 355 8 25x25 23.6 0.3 3 100 stars mag 9 to 12
  NGC 6152   16 32.7 -52 37 Nor OpCl 26 433 380 8 30x30 24 0.1 3 60 stars mag 9+
  NGC 6144   16 27.3 -26 3 Sco Glob 22 336 325 10 3x3 21 1.3 26  
  NGC 6171 M107 16 32.5 -13 3 Oph Glob 15 291 256 8.1 3x3 19.1 2.1 26 M107
  NGC 6153   16 31.4 -40 15 Sco Plan 22 407 355 11.5 0.33x0.3 3 17.7 2.6 233  
  NGC 6188   16 39.7 -49 1 Ara Neb 22 407 380 ? 20x12 ?     bright and dark nebulae
  NGC 6192   16 40.3 -43 23 Sco OpCl 22 407 355 10 7x7 22.9 0.6 11  
  NGC 6193   16 41.3 -48 46 Ara OpCl 22 407 380 5.2 15x15 19.7 1.8 5 about 30 stars near NGC 6188
!!!* NGC 6205 M13 16 41.7 36 27 Her Glob 8 114 83 5.7 23x23 21.1 1.2 3 M13, spectacular
  NGC 6207   16 43.1 36 50 Her Sc 8 114 83 12.3 2.0x1.0 21.7 1 77 near M13
  NGC 6210   16 44.6 23 47 Her Plan 8 156 149 9.7 0.33x0.2 7 15.7 3.4 284 central star 12.5
  NGC 6218 M12 16 47.2 -1 57 Oph Glob 15 246 221 8 10x10 21.6 1 8 M12
  NGC 6229   16 47.0 47 32 Her Glob 8 80 56 8.7 3.5x3.5 20 1.7 22  
  NGC 6231   16 54.2 -41 48 Sco OpCl 22 407 355 6 15x15 20.5 1.5 5 100 stars mag 7 to 13
  H12   16 56.2 -40 43 Sco OpCl 22 407 355 ? 40x40 ?     200 stars
  NGC 6254 M10 16 57.1 -4 7 Oph Glob 15 247 221 7 8x8 20.1 1.6 10 M10
  NGC 6259   17 0.7 -44 41 Sco OpCl 22 407 355 10 15x15 24.5 -0.1 5 100 stars mag 11+
  NGC 6266 M62 17 1.3 -30 7 Sco Glob 22 376 326 6.5 6x6 19 2.1 13 M62
  NGC 6273 M19 17 2.6 -26 15 Oph Glob 22 337 326 7 6x6 19.5 1.9 13 M19
  NGC 6302   17 13.9 -37 7 Sco Neb 22 376 356 ? 2x1 ?     figure 8 shape
  NGC 6318   17 17.8 -39 27 Sco OpCl 22 408 356 11 5x5 23.1 0.5 15 60 stars mag 12 to 14
! NGC 6341 M92 17 17.1 43 9 Her Glob 8 81 84 6.5 8x8 19.6 1.8 10 M92
  NGC 6333 M9 17 19.1 -18 31 Oph Glob 15 337 293 8 4x4 19.6 1.8 19 M9
  NGC 6334   17 20.6 -36 4 Sco Neb 22 376 356 ? 30x30 ?      
  NGC 6337   17 22.3 -38 28 Sco Plan 22 376 356 ? 0.6x0.5 ?      
  B72   17 23.5 -23 38 Oph DNeb 22 338 294 - 30x30 - -   dark S nebula: the Snake
  NGC 6357   17 24.6 -34 10 Sco Neb 22 376 327 ? 4x1 ?      
  NGC 6352   17 25.4 -48 29 Ara Glob 22 408 381 9 8x8 22.1 0.8 10  
  NGC 6362   17 31.8 -67 3 Ara Glob 26 455 416 8 9x9 21.4 1.1 9  
  NGC 6384   17 32.3 7 4 Oph Sb 15 203 186 12.3 4.0x3.0 23.6 0.2 26  
  B78   17 33.0 -26 0 Oph DNeb 22 338 327 - 200x140 - -   bowl of Pipe Nebula
  NGC 6388   17 36.3 -44 45 Sco Glob 22 408 356 7 4x4 18.6 2.2 19  
  NGC 6402 M14 17 37.6 -3 15 Oph Glob 15 248 222 9 6x6 21.5 1.1 13 M14
  NGC 6397   17 40.9 -53 41 Ara Glob 26 434 381 7 19x19 22 0.9 4 may be nearest globular
! NGC 6405 M6 17 40.1 -32 13 Sco OpCl 22 377 327 6 25x25 21.6 1.1 3 M6
  NGC 6441   17 50.2 -37 3 Sco Glob 22 377 356 8 3x3 19 2.1 26  
! NGC 6475 M7 17 54.0 -34 49 Sco OpCl 22 377 327 5 60x60 22.5 0.7 1 M7
S! NGC 6494 M23 17 56.9 -19 1 Sgr OpCl 15 339 294 7 25x25 22.6 0.7 3 M23
  NGC 6543   17 58.8 66 38 Dra Plan 3 30 18 8.6 0.4x0.3 14.9 3.7 256 central star mag 10
!!!* NGC 6514 M20 18 1.9 -23 2 Sgr Neb 22 339 294 8.5 29x27 24.4 0 3 M20, Trifid Nebula
  B86   18 3.1 -27 50 Sgr DNeb 22 339 328 - 4.5x3 - -   dark nebula
  NGC 6520   18 3.5 -27 54 Sgr OpCl 22 339 328 9 5x5 21.1 1.3 15 25 stars mag 9 to 12
  B87   18 4.3 -32 30 Sgr DNeb 22 377 328 - 12x12 - -   Parrot's Head
!!!* NGC 6523 M8 18 4.7 -24 20 Sgr Neb 22 339 295 5 80x40 22.4 0.7 2 M8, Lagoon Nebula
* NGC 6530   18 4.7 -24 20 Sgr OpCl 22 339 295 6 10x10 19.6 1.8 8 cluster in M8
  NGC 6531 M21 18 4.8 -22 30 Sgr OpCl 22 339 295 7 10x10 20.6 1.4 8 M21
  NGC 6569   18 13.7 -31 49 Sgr Glob 22 377 328 10 2x2 20.1 1.6 38  
  B92   18 15.6 -18 19 Sgr DNeb 15 339 295 - 15x15 - -   dark nebula
  NGC 6584   18 18.6 -52 13 Tel Glob 26 434 382 8.5 6x6 21 1.3 13  
! M24 M24 18 18.4 -18 26 Sgr OpCl 15 339 295 4.5 60x90 22.5 0.7 1 M24
  NGC 6603   18 18.4 -18 26 Sgr OpCl 15 339 295 11.4 4x4 23 0.5 19 within M24
* NGC 6611 M16 18 18.8 -13 47 Ser Neb 15 294 259 6.5 25x25 22.1 0.9 3 M16, nebula +60 stars
  NGC 6613 M18 18 19.9 -17 8 Sgr OpCl 15 339 295 8 7x7 20.9 1.4 11 M18
!!!* NGC 6618 M17 18 20.9 -16 11 Sgr Neb 15 294 295 6 45x35 22.6 0.7 2 M17, Omega Nebula
  NGC 6624   18 23.7 -30 22 Sgr Glob 22 378 328 8.5 3x3 19.5 1.9 26  
  NGC 6643   18 19.7 74 35 Dra Sc 3 12 19 12 3.0x1.3 22.1 0.9 59 central star mag 10
  NGC 6626 M28 18 24.6 -24 52 Sgr Glob 22 340 295 8 6x6 20.5 1.5 13 M28
  NGC 6629   18 25.7 -23 12 Sgr Plan 22 340 295 10.5 0.25x0.2 5 16.1 3.3 307 central star mag 13.5
  NGC 6638   18 31.0 -25 30 Sgr Glob 22 340 328 9.5 2x2 19.6 1.8 38  
  NGC 6637 M69 18 31.4 -32 21 Sgr Glob 22 378 328 7.5 4x4 19.1 2 19 M69
  I.4725 M25 18 31.7 -19 15 Sgr OpCl 16 340 295 6 35x35 22.3 0.8 2 M25
  NGC 6642   18 31.8 -23 29 Sgr Glob 22 340 295 8 2x2 18.1 2.4 38  
  NGC 6645   18 32.7 -16 54 Sgr OpCl 16 295 295 9 10x10 22.6 0.6 8 75 stars mag 11 to 15
  NGC 6649   18 33.5 -10 24 Sct OpCl 16 295 259 9 9x9 22.4 0.7 9  
  NGC 6652   18 35.8 -33 0 Sgr Glob 22 378 328 8.5 2x2 18.6 2.2 38  
!! NGC 6656 M22 18 36.4 -23 56 Sgr Glob 22 340 295 6 18x18 20.9 1.3 4 M22
  NGC 6664   18 36.7 -8 14 Sct OpCl 16 295 259 9 18x18 23.9 0.1 4  
  I.4756   18 39.1 5 29 Ser OpCl 16 250 187 6 70x70 23.9 0.2 1 80 stars mag 7+
  NGC 6681 M70 18 43.3 -32 18 Sgr Glob 22 378 328 8 4x4 19.6 1.8 19 M70
  NGC 6694 M26 18 45.2 -9 24 Sct OpCl 16 295 260 9.5 9x9 22.9 0.5 9 M26
!!* NGC 6705 M11 18 51.1 -6 16 Sct OpCl 16 295 260 6 12x12 20 1.7 6 M11
  NGC 6709   18 51.5 10 21 Aql OpCl 16 205 188 8 12x12 22 0.9 6  
  NGC 6712   18 53.0 -8 43 Sct Glob 16 295 260 9 3x3 20 1.7 26  
!!* NGC 6720 M57 18 53.6 33 2 Lyr Plan 8 117 117 9 1.3x1.0 17.9 2.5 77 M57, the Ring Nebula
  NGC 6715 M54 18 55.2 -30 28 Sgr Glob 22 378 329 9 6x6 21.5 1.1 13 M54
  NGC 6723   18 59.6 -36 38 Sgr Glob 22 378 358 6 7x7 18.9 2.2 11  
  NGC 6726   19 1.7 -36 53 CrA Neb 22 379 358 ? 2x2 ?     nebula around var. star
  NGC 6727   19 1.7 -36 52 CrA Neb 22 379 358 ? 2x2 ?     nebula around var. star
  NGC 6729   19 1.8 -36 58 CrA Neb 22 379 358 ? 1x1 ?     nebula around var. star
  B133   19 7.2 -6 0 Aql DNeb 16 296 260 - 10x5 - -   dark oval nebula
  NGC 6744   19 9.7 -63 51 Pav SBc 26 456 402 10.6 9.0x9.0 24 0.1 9  
  NGC 6752   19 10.8 -59 59 Pav Glob 26 435 402 7 15x15 21.5 1.1 5  
  NGC 6779 M56 19 16.5 30 10 Lyr Glob 8 118 117 8 5x5 20.1 1.7 15 M56
  NGC 6781   19 18.4 6 31 Aql Plan 16 206 188 12.5 1.75x1.7 5 22.3 0.8 44 central star mag 15.5
  NGC 6791   19 20.8 37 46 Lyr OpCl 8 118 86 11 20x20 26.1 -0.8 4 couple of hundred stars
  NGC 6811   19 38.2 46 34 Cyg OpCl 8 84 59 9 15x15 23.5 0.3 5 50 stars mag 11 to 14
  NGC 6809   19 40.1 -30 56 Sgr Glob 22 380 330 7 15x15 21.5 1.1 5  
  B143   19 40.4 11 7 Aql DNeb 16 207 189 - 30x30 - -   dark two-pronged nebula
  NGC 6819   19 41.3 40 13 Cyg OpCl 8 84 86 10 6x6 22.5 0.7 13 150 stars mag 11 to 15
  NGC 6814   19 42.6 -10 18 Aql Sb 16 297 261 12.2 2.0x2.0 22.3 0.8 38  
  NGC 6820   19 43.2 23 17 Vul Neb 8 162 153 ? 20x20 ?     in cluster NGC 6823
  NGC 6818   19 43.9 -14 10 Sgr Plan 16 297 261 10 0.4x0.4 16.6 3 192  
S NGC 6823   19 43.2 23 19 Vul OpCl 8 162 153 10 5x5 22.1 0.9 15 30 stars mag 11+
  NGC 6822   19 44.9 -14 46 Sgr Irr 16 297 261 10 20x10 24.4 -0.1 8  
  NGC 6826   19 44.7 50 31 Cyg Plan 3 55 59 8.8 0.4x0.4 15.4 3.5 192 central star mag 11
  NGC 6834   19 52.2 29 25 Vul OpCl 8 119 118 10 4x4 21.6 1 19 50 stars mag 11+
  NGC 6838 M71 19 53.7 18 47 Sgr Glob 16 162 153 9 6x6 21.5 1.1 13 M71
  NGC 6842   19 55.0 29 17 Vul Plan 8 119 118 13 0.8x0.7 5 21.1 1.3 102 central star mag 14.5
!!* NGC 6853 M27 19 59.6 22 43 Vul Plan 8 162 153 8 8x6 20.8 1.4 13 M27, the Dumbbell Nebula
  NGC 6866   20 3.7 44 10 Cyg OpCl 9 84 87 8 8x8 21.1 1.2 10 50 stars mag 10+
  NGC 6864 M75 20 6.1 -21 55 Sgr Glob 23 343 298 8 3x3 19 2.1 26 M75
  NGC 6884   20 10.4 46 28 Cyg Plan 9 84 60 12.5 0.1x0.1 16.1 3.2 768  
* NGC 6888   20 12.5 38 25 Cyg Neb 9 119 87 ? 18x12 ?     Crescent Nebula
  NGC 6891   20 15.2 12 44 Del Plan 16 208 190 10 0.2x0.1 14.4 3.9 768  
S NGC 6910   20 23.0 40 48 Cyg OpCl 9 84 87 6.5 8x8 19.6 1.8 10 40 stars mag 10+
  NGC 6907   20 25.1 -24 48 Cap SBb 23 343 298 12.1 2.5x2.0 22.5 0.7 38 S-shaped spiral
  NGC 6913 M29 20 24.0 38 31 Cyg OpCl 9 120 87 7 7x7 19.9 1.8 11 M29: 20 stars mag 8+
  NGC 6939   20 31.4 60 38 Cep OpCl 3 56 37 10 8x8 23.1 0.4 10 100 stars mag 12 to 16
  NGC 6934   20 34.1 7 24 Del Glob 16 209 190 9 2x2 19.1 2 38  
  NGC 6940   20 34.6 28 18 Vul OpCl 9 120 119 8 20x20 23.1 0.4 4 100 stars mag 9+
!* NGC 6946   20 35.0 60 8 Cep Sc 3 56 37 11.1 8.0x8.0 24.2 0 10 near NGC 6939
  NGC 6951   20 37.1 66 7 Cep SB 3 32 20 12.3 3.5x3.5 23.6 0.2 22  
!!* NGC 6960   20 45.7 30 43 Cyg Neb 9 120 119 8 70x6 23.2 0.4 13 Veil Nebula
  NGC 6981 M72 20 53.5 -12 33 Aqr Glob 16 299 263 8.6 3x3 19.6 1.9 26 M72
!!* NGC 6992 -5 20 56.4 31 42 Cyg Neb 9 120 119 5 8. 78x8 23.6 0.3 10 Veil Nebula
  NGC 6997   20 56.5 44 39 Cyg OpCl 9 85 88 10 7x7 22.9 0.6 11 cluster in NGC 7000
  NGC 6994 M73 20 58.9 -12 39 Aqr OpCl 16 299 263 10 1x1 18.6 2.2 77 M73 (four stars)
!* NGC 7000   20 58.8 44 20 Cyg Neb 9 85 88 5 100x100 23.6 0.2 1 North America Nebula
  NGC 7006   21 1.4 16 12 Del Glob 16 209 155 11.5 1x1 20.1 1.6 77  
  NGC 7008   21 0.6 54 33 Cyg Plan 3 56 60 12 1.4x1.2 21.2 1.2 64 central star mag 13
  NGC 7009   21 4.1 -11 22 Aqr Plan 16 300 263 8 0.4x0.4 14.6 3.8 192 Saturn Nebula
  NGC 7023   21 2.0 68 10 Cep Neb 3 33 20 ? 18x18 ?     nebula around 7 mag star
  NGC 7026   21 6.3 47 51 Cyg Plan 9 85 61 12 0.4x0.4 18.6 2.2 192 central star mag 15
  NGC 7027   21 7.0 42 14 Cyg Plan 9 85 88 9 0.3x0.2 14.6 3.9 384  
S NGC 7031   21 7.3 50 50 Cep OpCl 3 56 61 10 6x6 22.5 0.7 13 50 stars mag 11+
  NGC 7048   21 14.4 46 16 Cyg Plan 9 86 61 11 1.0x0.9 19.5 1.9 85 central star mag 18
!!* NGC 7078 M15 21 30.0 12 10 Peg Glob 17 210 192 6.5 10x10 20.1 1.6 8 M15
  NGC 7086   21 31.5 51 35 Cyg OpCl 3 57 61 9 8x8 22.1 0.8 10 50 stars mag 11+
  NGC 7092 M39 21 32.2 48 26 Cyg OpCl 9 86 61 5 30x30 21 1.3 3 M39, 25 stars mag 7+
* NGC 7089 M2 21 33.5 0 50 Aqr Glob 17 255 228 6 7x7 18.9 2.2 11 M2
  NGC 7099 M30 21 40.3 -23 11 Cap Glob 23 346 300 8 6x6 20.5 1.5 13 M30
  NGC 7217   22 7.8 31 22 Peg Sb 9 122 121 11.3 2.7x2.4 22 0.9 32  
S NGC 7235   22 12.5 57 15 Cep OpCl 3 57 38 9 4x4 20.6 1.4 19 about 25 stars
  NGC 7243   22 15.2 49 53 Lac OpCl 9 87 62 8 20x20 23.1 0.4 4  
!!* NGC 7293   22 29.7 -20 51 Aqr Plan 23 347 301 6.5 12x16 20.8 1.4 6 the Helix Nebula
* NGC 7331   22 37.1 34 26 Peg Sb 9 123 122 10.4 10.0x2.4 22.5 0.7 32 Stephan's Quintet 0.5 deg SSW
  NGC 7410   22 54.9 -39 40 Gru SB 23 415 362 11.8 4.0x1.1 22 0.9 70  
  NGC 7418   22 56.6 -37 1 Gru SBc 23 384 362 11.8 2.8x2.5 22.5 0.7 31  
  NGC 7479   23 4.9 12 19 Peg SBb 17 213 194 11.8 3.2x3.5 23.1 0.5 24 S-shape
  NGC 7510   23 11.3 60 34 Cep OpCl 3 58 39 9 3x3 20 1.7 26 30 stars mag 10+
  NGC 7582   23 18.6 -42 22 Gru SBb 23 415 363 11.8 3.0x3.0 22.8 0.6 26 group with NGC 7590, 7599
  NGC 7590   23 19.1 -42 15 Gru Sb 23 415 363 11.9 2.2x0.8 21.1 1.2 96 group with NGC 7582, 7599
  NGC 7599   23 19.5 -42 16 Gru SBc 23 415 363 12 3.8x1.2 22.3 0.8 64 group with NGC 7582, 7590
  NGC 7619   23 20.3 8 11 Peg E1 17 214 194 12.6 0.8x0.6 20.4 1.5 128 near NGC 7826
  NGC 7626   23 20.7 8 12 Peg E2 17 214 194 12.7 0.9x0.7 20.8 1.4 110 near NGC 7619
  NGC 7635   23 20.7 61 10 Cas Neb 3 34 39 11 10x5 23.9 0.1 15 the Bubble Nebula
  NGC 7654 M52 23 24.2 61 36 Cas OpCl 3 15 39 7 12x12 21 1.3 6 M52, 120 stars mag 9+
* NGC 7662   23 25.9 42 33 And Plan 9 88 91 8.5 0.5x0.5 15.6 3.5 154 central star mag 14
  NGC 7789   23 57.0 56 43 Cas OpCl 3 35 39 10 20x20 25.1 -0.4 4 900 stars mag 11+
  NGC 7793   23 57.9 -32 34 Scl Sd 23 350 335 9.7 6.0x4.0 21.8 1 19  

Notes

Scl-Sys: The Sculptor System is included here to illustrate how an object as bright as magnitude 10.5 can be totally invisible to the eye (unless, perhaps, one has an image intensifier) if it is very large. The surface brightness of this nearby dwarf galaxy is below detectability by the human eye under any sky condition on Earth. It is the only object in the table that is not observable. Perhaps in the future, someone may view it from space.

NGC 1435: The Merope Nebula in the Pleiades. The surface brightness was obtained directly by O'Dell (1965), so the value listed is among the best for any of the nebulae in this book. The total visual magnitude was computed from the size and surface brightness.

NGC 1499: The California Nebula is extremely low in surface brightness but can be seen under good conditions. See Sky & Telescope, December, 1982, p. 612, for a discussion of different successful observations.

M24: M24 is a detached portion of the Milky Way and not an open cluster. See The Messier Album (Mallas and Kriemer, 1978) for details.


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